e) While Section 142 of ea 2003 allows for the imposition of a penalty (up to a maximum of 100,000) on engaged companies that violate the rules of EA 2003, the Renewable Purchase Obligations Regulations of SERCs, indicating the objectives of the RPO, generally provide that obligated companies that do not comply with their OPRs within one year and do not purchase UPCs, To compensate for the default, it may be requested to pay an amount determined by SERC into a specially created fund (used for the purchase of IC/development and promotion of IC). As part of the tariff policy, cerc has exempted for 25 years the payment of intergovernmental transmission charges and losses for solar and wind energy producers from the commissioning of projects set up under certain conditions. In view of the reduction in the lifespan of renewable energy projects, the goI has instructed CERC to grant early administrative permission for the 66.5 GW transmission system for renewable energy projects. “The goal is in line with the recent decision to increase renewable energy targets,” Vishal Pandya, director of REConnect Energy, a company that helps electricity consumers meet their RPO requirements, told Quartz. “While a target of 21% of the RPO is good at the national level, implementation would remain essential.” Describe any outstanding or expected legislative proposals on renewable energy in your jurisdiction. Does the government offer incentives to encourage the development of renewable energy projects? Has the government also defined a policy that also encourages renewable energy? (d) recognising the challenges and constraints that prevent several States from achieving the objectives of the RPO with regard to the potential and availability of renewable energy sources (e.g. B Rajasthan has a very high potential for the use of solar energy sources as a mizoram, Nagaland and Uttarakhand), the PANCC introduced as a policy measure the concept of negotiable EE certificates( to address the disproportion between the availability of EE sources and the obligation for obligated bodies to comply with their RPOs. This would allow obligated companies to procure CIs and divest them in order to achieve their RPO objective; and the RPO mechanism was introduced under the Electricity Act 2003 to create demand for renewable energy. The objectives are set by the various national electricity regulatory commissions (SERC). Large electricity distributors and consumers – called “obligate units” – have two options: either build wind or solar farms and profit from them, or buy renewable energy quotas (RECs) from Indian stock exchanges. CERs are instruments that are distributed to certain companies registered for renewable energy in exchange for each megawatt of electricity they produce and sell. The 2017 economic survey showed that the social cost of renewable energy, at about 11 rupees per kilowatt hour, is three times higher than that of coal.

A MW solar installation requires 5 hectares of land whose costs are charged on the cost of electricity, even if the acquisition of land is without problems. Solar and wind have installation load factors of only 15-20%, which means that the installed capacity is unused for almost 80% of the time. Thus, a 50 MW solar installation produces a consumption equivalent to about 10 or 12 MW. On the other hand, a thermal installation with a load factor of the installation can be operated up to 95%. This is especially true for clean power plants. Five years later, India announced the National Climate Change Action Plan (NAPCC), which was to be implemented by eight missions. One of them was the national solar emission, the objective of which was to promote the development and use of solar energy. Concrete objectives have been set.

Shortly afterwards followed the policy of Renewable Purchase Obligations (RPOs) which were to be implemented by the governments of the Länder. . . .